Mixing and Panning

Ask questions and get answers about how to make music in any particular way. Hardware or songwriting or whatever.
obscurity
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Post by obscurity »

deshead wrote:
obscurity wrote:I don't care what theory you care to quote, practice has shown me, time and again, that I mix better with 'phones than monitors
Check out some of your tracks in mono, dude. They're all kick drum and vocals.
Dude, some of my tracks are all kick & vox when you check them out with headphones. I'm sorry if that's not to your taste, but it's not done by accident - I can assure you that I've listened to my stuff on speakers as well as 'phones and I'm happy with the mix. And the key point is, I wasn't always happy with the mix when I did it with monitors.

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Post by Kill Me Sarah »

Couple follow up questions:

When using Limiter and Compression, should these be used on each track individually or on the master or both? And does anyone have any basic advice for using each of these?

Also, I remember reading on here a while back about using Gate to, I guess, siphon out undesired frequencies. Can anyone tell me what these are?
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Post by deshead »

Puce wrote:3db, actually.
Doesn't doubling the power give a 6dB SPL increase? I always confuse voltage and power.
obscurity wrote:Dude, some of my tracks are all kick & vox when you check them out with headphones.
:D

KMS wrote:does anyone have any basic advice for using each of these?
Do what sounds good :)

Seriously ... The key to all these tools is playing with them lots, learning what they're capable of, then applying the appropriate treatment as needed.

Check these out if you're not familiar with the concepts of dynamics processing:
http://tinyurl.com/q4vf6
http://www.drawmer.com/help4.html
http://www.ptme.com/et/audio/reference/ ... mpress.htm

There are lots of web pages that give "typical" compresser and limiter settings. But really, dynamics processing is so dependent on the dynamics you're trying to treat that prescribed advice is generally worthless.
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Post by Kill Me Sarah »

deshead wrote:
Check these out if you're not familiar with the concepts of dynamics processing:
http://tinyurl.com/q4vf6
http://www.drawmer.com/help4.html
http://www.ptme.com/et/audio/reference/ ... mpress.htm
Thanks, these are helpful. It does make it a lot easier when you understand what the heck these things actually are :)

Question: so a limiter is a form of compression, yes? So there would be no reason to run both a limiter and a compressor, because they are both doing the same thing?
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Post by starfinger »

kill_me_sarah wrote:When using Limiter and Compression, should these be used on each track individually or on the master or both? And does anyone have any basic advice for using each of these?
I think in general most individual tracks end up being compressed somewhat. Multiband compression is often done to the mix as a whole.

As far as advice goes, I think presets are a good place to get started. Figure out why they impact the sound the way they do, by fiddling with the parameters and listening to what changes.

Here's an optional paragraph that I just wrote, but I don't know if it's basic or not:
me wrote: Specifically watch the attack and release times of your compressor. These settings seem more esoteric, but they really affect your sound.

The attack time influences the initial hit of the sound you're compressing, and if it's too short you will squash that and compromise the sounds identity. If it's too long the volume will swell awkwardly. Similarly with the release time. You probably want the release to coincide with the beat, so that on the next hit, it's ready to start over again. In that regard, the proper setting depends a lot on your song's tempo.
kms again wrote: Also, I remember reading on here a while back about using Gate to, I guess, siphon out undesired frequencies. Can anyone tell me what these are?
Not frequencies, but quiet sounds that were not intended to be in the track, like people talking in the background or something. Since a compressor will make these sounds louder, it's good to cut them out prior to compressing, and the gate can do that automatically.

You specify a volume threshold and if the sound is quieter than this threshold, it won't make it through the gate.

=craig
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Post by starfinger »

kill_me_sarah wrote:Question: so a limiter is a form of compression, yes? So there would be no reason to run both a limiter and a compressor, because they are both doing the same thing?
Well you could put them in series to gently compress certain sounds and then limit rogue sounds that overpowered your gentle compressor.

The channel strip plugin I use actually has 2 compressors in series and a limiter at the end.

-craig
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Kill Me Sarah
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Post by Kill Me Sarah »

starfinger wrote:
kill_me_sarah wrote:Question: so a limiter is a form of compression, yes? So there would be no reason to run both a limiter and a compressor, because they are both doing the same thing?
Well you could put them in series to gently compress certain sounds and then limit rogue sounds that overpowered your gentle compressor.

The channel strip plugin I use actually has 2 compressors in series and a limiter at the end.

-craig
Do u use them on each track (instrument) or just on the over all master track?
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Post by starfinger »

kill_me_sarah wrote: Do u use them on each track (instrument) or just on the over all master track?
I usually have the channel strip on each track, but I rarely use more than one of the compressors.

If I use the second one, it's to control sibilance on vocal tracks (it has a way to trigger the compressor only when the sibilance kicks in).

I rarely have any fx on the master bus, but I always do some post-processing, usually including multiband compression, to the mixdown in my audio editor.

-craig
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Post by deshead »

kms wrote:Do u use them on each track (instrument) or just on the over all master track?
Either, as needed.
kms wrote:so a limiter is a form of compression, yes?
Extreme compression. From a signal chain perspective, think of them as different units.
kms wrote:So there would be no reason to run both a limiter and a compressor, because they are both doing the same thing?
Craig's suggestion is one instance in which you'd want both.

In general, they're NOT doing the same thing. Just because you've limited the peaks on a track doesn't mean the remaining sound won't still need compression.

Predicting your next question ( :wink: ), there are no rules as to when you'd want one, the other, or both on a track. Other than, of course, do what sounds right.
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Post by Kill Me Sarah »

But...but..but... ;)

The hardest part about 'doing what sounds right' is that I never knew that my stuff sounded bad before :lol: But I can hear how it sounds better now as I gradually experiment w/ this stuff.
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Post by starfinger »

kill_me_sarah wrote:But...but..but... ;)

The hardest part about 'doing what sounds right' is that I never knew that my stuff sounded bad before :lol: But I can hear how it sounds better now as I gradually experiment w/ this stuff.
this is a good thing.
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Adam!
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Post by Adam! »

deshead wrote:
Puce wrote:3db, actually.
Doesn't doubling the power give a 6dB SPL increase? I always confuse voltage and power.
This page might shed some light.
But what about stereo, I hear you shout. Here's another oddity of loudness and the decibel. When one speaker is producing a level of 90 dB, adding a second speaker playing at the same level only increases the overall loudness by 3 dB! (The loudness does not double!). So the two speakers in stereo produce a loudness level of 93 dB.
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Post by deshead »

Thanks Puce. (By "voltage and power," I meant "amplitude and intensity" ... Twice the amplitude is a 6dB increase, i.e. constructive interference between perfectly coherent sine waves, but obviously doubling the amplitude is not the same as doubling the intensity.)
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Post by LMNOP »

deshead wrote:i.e. constructive interference between perfectly coherent sine waves
I remember when the stuff that came after "i.e." served to clarify what came before. You guys are making my head hurt. Yet I can't stop reading...
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Post by Leaf »

Interestingly, (to me) I have met, in person, both Des and Puce.


Both very sweet, friendly, intellgent guys with oodles of talent. I have learnt tons of things from these dudes. Reading their exchanges does not happen enough.


DAMN THEM TO HELL.





...you two should collab sometime...
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Post by tonetripper »

obscurity wrote: Well then you definitely shouldn't mix with headphones if you can avoid it. I mean, I'm not saying mixing with 'phones is the One True Way or anything, I'm saying that there isn't One True Way.
That is not an untrue statement if you have the ability to recognize the psycho-acoustical phenomena that occurs when mixing with headphones and how it relates to acoustical phenomena presented by checking mixes through speakers. The best producers and engineers check all their mixes in all different kinds of mediums. Whether science, math or pure unadulterated ingorance, there is a reason why you check a mix in mono, stereo, through speakers and on headphones. Each represent different phase and flanging responses. This is how great mixes sound good on everything from your Old Ford mono system and on the greatest speakers (obviously acoustics in a room factor in here) in the world. There is a reason for the math.

No one's telling you obscurity to be science boy, just that your mixes could be better if you checked on more than one medium. That's how the big boys do it. :wink:
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obscurity
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Post by obscurity »

tonetripper wrote:No one's telling you obscurity to be science boy, just that your mixes could be better if you checked on more than one medium. That's how the big boys do it. :wink:
You know, that's quite patronising. It'd be somewhat less annoying if it were founded on anything I'd said, but in fact I've never suggested that people shouldn't check their mixes on multiple sound sources, and I do in fact do that myself.
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Post by tonetripper »

obscurity wrote:...but in fact I've never suggested that people shouldn't check their mixes on multiple sound sources, and I do in fact do that myself.
Bullshit. I always mix with headphones, and while people complain about many aspects of my songs, the mixing tends to get more compliments than complaints
Yes, it's fucking bullshit. I don't care what theory you care to quote, practice has shown me, time and again, that I mix better with 'phones than monitors - to such an extent that I actually gave away the NS10Ms that I used to mix with. I could have saved myself a lot of time, money and hassle if I'd ignored people who quote this as some kind of golden fucking rule, which is why I now call it as the bullshit it is when I see it.
I'm sorry if it came off as patronising, but I think you could possibly understand why it does seem as if by your example and your posts that you think that mixing on different mediums is against some kind of, how you say, "golden rule".

I'm not into a flame war as I'm trying to exemplify what the point of this thread is. It's called "Help and How To". Now that's patronising!

I fail to see by your defensiveness how you are "Helping and How to-ing".

Nonetheless, I digress, I didn't mean to offend you, but merely put the thread back on track.
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Post by boltoph »

obscurity wrote:Bullshit....Yes, it's fucking bullshit....some kind of golden fucking rule, which is why I now call it as the bullshit it is when I see it.
Yeah i gotta admit this is what set me off. Ok so I acted like a jerk, for that I apologize, but those posts about bullshit were just so completely ignorant. Deshead's posts are the words of utter sonic-genius. The guy knows his sound science like no one I've ever met. Tonetripper, too.

Here are some other thoughts I have about panning. I like to imagine a realistic band performance, typically. The diagrams below show the implied panning of a stereo recording mix, of this band. This is also an example of "fun with Adobe Illustrator".

First, let's look at the whole band, on a stage, and dials symbolizing pannning for each instrument. If you were to imagine that each band member sings, you might pan each member's vocal in the same direction as their instrument. If there were a group of singers singing backup harmonies on the right side of the stage (audience perspective), one might put them together, panned all between 1 and 3 o'clock, perhaps. The object of this type of demonstration would be for a realistic approach, a representation of the live rock band:

Image

All of this would apply in the same fashion if you were recording a symphony orchestra. The placement of each instrument on the stage would dictate the placement, panning-wise, in the mix. Orchestras set up the way they set up on stage, for a reason. It's no surprise why the soprano violins sit in front, they are the quietest instrument. It all makes sense if you wish to preserve the integrity of the music. You might also just set up two stereo microphones and pan them hard left and right to record the orchestra in full stereo spectrum, with panning recreated the way that the orchestra intended, based on their stage setup.

Next, let's take a closer look at panning for a drum kit. Drum kits are a band's worth of instruments, on their own. This example assumes that this is a right handed drummer, and the entire kit is on a stereo submix, and the kit itself is shown from above, with respective panning dials showing panning for each individual drum instrument (or, mic, if it's a live kit being mic'd):

Image

Stars=cymbals, flat thing=kick drum, etc. If it were a left handed drummer, the panning positions of all pieces, would switch. Some drummers also like the "drummer's perspective" panning of the kit, which basically switches everything so the instruments are panned as if you are the drummer sitting at the kit, not the listener standing in front of it, listening.

So, you also might experiment like the Beatles did, by putting the drummer and bassist on one side of the room (one side of the mix) and putting melody instruments on the other side, or perhaps splitting things up randomly. In this sense, one should certainly experiment, and try everything. There is never a "be-all-end-all" way of doing anything when it comes to mixing.

One can also use reverbs to then blend stuff together, extremely short reverbs on low volume, that simply double instruments in the stereo field, without creating the image of a room.
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Post by obscurity »

tonetripper wrote:I'm sorry if it came off as patronising, but I think you could possibly understand why it does seem as if by your example and your posts that you think that mixing on different mediums is against some kind of, how you say, "golden rule".
In all honesty, no, I can't see how you've got that idea. It's pretty close to the exact opposite of what I've been trying to say.

My whole point here is that THERE IS NO GOLDEN RULE! Specifically, deshead stated as a rule that one should not mix with headphones, and I very strongly disagree that this should be a rule.

I don't know how I can say it any clearer, and I'm getting a bit fed up with being misunderstood, so this is the last I intend to say on the subject.
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Post by jb »

I really, really hate when people bicker in the Help & How To forum.

obscurity, your posts are coming across as contrariness for its own sake, starting with your "that's bullshit", and continuing with your "yes it's fucking bullshit." You started off agressively and just continued until your posts were just complaints about other posts, rather than reasoned rebuttals with evidence. You started off very defensive about your mixing habits, as if you've been hearing it all your life and now you have a button that's very easily pushed.

It sounds like a kind of "you're not the boss of me" rebellion, especially considering that you have yet to post an example of a song you mixed in headphones that you think contradicts what has been said by others. And no, saying "listen to any of them" isn't helpful. Pick one out that you are especially happy with and link it in this forum, please.

I know I've mostly picked on obscurity in this post, but this goes for the rest of you knobs as well.

If you all want to discuss this issue, you need to do so with examples and links, which some people have been contributing. However there is far too much sciency bullcrap and not enough proof-is-in-the-pudding examples for my taste.

I would love for the Song Fight Help & How To forum to be a hotspot for home recording knowledge on the Internet. Filling it up with sniping at each other will not accomplish this goal. If you just want to be dicks to each other, there is a whole forum for that called Monkey Business. Otherwise, please take the high road and don't let yourself be provoked.

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Post by Jefff »

You shut the fuck up John Benjamin.
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